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Life cannot exist without water. All forms of life, depends upon water for their survival. 60-70% of the human body is comprised of water. Since time immemorial, civilizations have been developed in and around sources of drinking water. The ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, Indus valley and Aztecs, to name a few, bear testimony to this. Battles have been fought over the control of such areas.

Pure drinking water is a basic amenity that is required by men to live healthy lives. Man has tried various methods to purify water since ancient times. The water purification systems they used did improve the taste of water and help remove odors; however, these systems did little to remove the disease causing microbes. The dreaded cholera and typhoid epidemics were caused by impure water. With the advent of science and technology, numerous water purification systems such as reverse osmosis, distillation and UV water filtration have been invented. However, all these methods primarily purify ground or surface water in order to produce pure drinking water. Which brings us to an uncomfortable truth – can the toxic wastes present in surface water be removed completely by these methods?